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. ENGLISH KHMER CHINESE INDONESIAN JAPANESE KOREAN LAO MALAYSIAN THAI VIETNAMESE FRENCH Sponsored by the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization and the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs With the contributions of: Cambodia Mr. Hong Bona, Mr. Kong Makara Mineral Resources Development Office General Department of Mineral Resources Ministry of Industry Mines and Energy China Mr.
Qiherige (Qihirag.lee), Dr. Zhang Minghua Division of Information, China Geological Survey Indonesia Ms. Nenen Adriyani Geological Survey Institute, Indonesia Japan Dr. Koji Wakita, Ms.
Terumi Hasegawa Geological Survey of Japan / AIST Korea Dr. Jeong Chan Kim Geological and Environmental Hazards Division Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources Lao PDR Mrs. Chansavath Boupha Mines Information Center, Department of Geology & Mines Malaysia Mr. Mustafar Bin Hamzah Division of Information Management Minerals and Geoscience Department Malaysia Thailand Mr. Ekawat Sitthithaworn Mineral Resources Information Center Department of Mineral Resources Vietnam Mr. Tran Hong Hai, Ms. Pham Thi Nga Center for Information & Archives of Geology Department of Geology and Minerals of Vietnam CCOP Technical Secretariat Mr.
Chen Shick Pei, Director Ms. Uzarraga, Geodata & Information Manager CIFEG Mr. Michel Laval, Director Mr.
Franois Lyonnais, Information System Manager 2006. Compiled by CCOP and CIFEG. CCOP (Coordinating Committee for Geoscience Programmes in East and Southeast Asia) Thai CC Tower, 24th Flr, Suite 244-245 889, Sathorn Tai Road, Sathorn Bangkok 10120 Thailand Tel: +66 (0) 2 672 3080 / Fax: +66 (0) 2 672 3082 E-mail: [email protected] / Website: CIFEG (Centre International pour la Formation et les Echanges en Gosciences) 3, avenue Claude-Guillemin B. 5 Orlans cedex 2 (France) Tl.
33 (0)2 38 64 33 67 / Fax 33 (0)2 38 64 34 72 Website: Cover Design: Piyawatchara Pramalnrut, CCOP Sylvie Orlyk, CIFEG Copies of this book are not for sale. Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface. V Introduction English. Vii French. Xiii Khmer.
Xix Chinese. Xxv Indonesian.
Xxxi Japanese. Xxxvii Korean. X1iii Lao. 1i Malaysian. 1v Thai. 1xi Vietnamese. 1xix Main list.
1. Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences - v - Preface In 1999, UNESCOs Division of Earth Sciences proposed to develop a regional geo-science information network to assist the national geoscience organizations and institutions in East and Southeast Asia in their access to geoinformation and to facilitate the sharing and exchange of geoscience data. As a result, the eleven countries Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Japan, Rep. Of Korea, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam collaborated to establish the SANGIS Network (South-East Asian Network for a Geological Information System).
From 2001 the activities were coordinated by two regional organizations; CCOP (Coordinating Committee for Geoscience Programmes in East and Southeast Asia) whose Technical Secretariat is in Bangkok (Thailand), and CIFEG (International Centre for Training and Exchanges in the Geosciences) based in Orleans (France), with financial support from UNESCO and the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The SANGIS Network aimed at the up-grading and harmonisation of existing data management systems in order to stimulate the circulation of data, to facilitate access to information and to promote the creation of an efficient regional geoscientific network.
A SANGIS bibliographic database for earth science based on international bibliographic standards to allow and facilitate data research was then developed. In addition, this database was made accessible through the Internet, allowing exchanges of information regionally and internationally. In order to facilitate the data standardisation, the member countries manage their bibliographic data with the use of specific SANGIS software, which contains scientific and geographic keywords for an easier indexing and classification of the scientific papers.
These keywords (in English), which are also used to search the SANGIS database through the web, were derived from an existing geoscience thesaurus in several western languages, developed by the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS). During the SANGIS implementation period, many member countries encountered difficulties when having to use keywords in English for the bibliographic data management, instead of their own national language. Consequently, the idea of an Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences (AMTG), compiling the IUGS Multilingual Thesaurus of Geoscience in the national languages of 9 of the SANGIS network member countries was adopted.
After fruitful and successful co-operation between the member countries, the AMTG was realized and made available in digital format on the SANGIS Web site (UNESCO has also proposed that, together with the digital version, a hard copy version of the AMTG be produced. It is hoped that this Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences will effectively contribute to the exchange of data not only between the East and Southeast Asian Countries, but also amongst the entire Earth Sciences scientific community worldwide. Giuseppe Arduino (UNESCO) Chen Shick Pei (CCOP) Michel Laval (CIFEG). Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences - vii - ASIAN MULTILINGUAL THESAURUS OF GEOSCIENCES Introduction By Mr.
Franois Lyonnais, CIFEG. The Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences (AMTG) is sponsored by UNESCO and the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
It is the result of collaboration amongst 9 Member Countries of the SANGIS Programme (Southeast Asian Network for a Geoscience Information System) and was co-ordinated by CCOP (Coordinating Committee for Geoscience Programmes in East and Southeast Asia) and CIFEG (International Center for Training and Exchanges in the Geosciences). The AMTG is based on the Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences (MT) of the International Union of Geological Sciences/Commission on the Management and Application of Geoscience Information (IUGS/COGEOINFO) and the International Council for Scientific and Technical Information (ICSTI). This MT was developed by a joint working group (WGMT: Working Group for the Multilingual Thesaurus) with members from both organizations (IUGS/ICSTI). The main aim of the AMTG project is to facilitate data exchanges between the various SANGIS organizations and linguistic groups in the field of Geosciences. A thesaurus is a word list which allows standardising terminology. It is used to assist in indexing and retrieving information of databases. A thesaurus allows terms, related by a similar subject, to be grouped into hierarchies and cross-references to other groups of terms which may be relevant to the subject.
It provides the user with a single preferred term to describe a subject and allows terms to be selected at a general or specific level, depending on the level of indexing required. For the principles and the methodology of thesaurus building, please refer to the ISO Guidelines for the establishment and development of monolingual and multilingual thesauri (ISO TC46 SC5, ISO 2788 and 5964). As in other thesauri, the terms in the AMTG are linked together by three types of relationships: hierarchical relationships, which link some terms to other terms expressing more general and more specific concepts, i.e.
Broader terms and narrower terms. Hierarchically related terms are grouped under 36 general subdivisions (areas of knowledge or 'microthesauri') covered by the AMTG. For instance the term Homo has for broader term Hominidae and for narrower terms: Homo erectus, Homo habilis, Homo neanderthaliensis and Homo sapiens. Associative relationships, which link terms to similar terms (related terms). In the AMTG, these relationships are established for terms which have the same broader term, for instance: Homo has the following related terms: Australopithecinae and Ramapithecinae.
Equivalence relationships, which link 'non-preferred' terms to 'preferred' terms. This relationship is indicated respectively by the terms 'Use for' and 'Use'. For instance: the non-preferred term 'a layer' is linked to the preferred term 'crust'. Introduction Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences - viii - The methodology used for the set up of the AMTG was influenced by the following observations noted in almost all SANGIS Member Countries: - lack of national thesauri in the field of Geosciences; - regarding the indexing aspect, lack of specific bibliographic methods in the various documentation centers. So, contrary to the MT published by IUGS, the AMTG used an 'a priori' methodology.
The main focus was not to compare concepts and terms in the various languages and to analyse the indexing techniques, but to understand the meaning of English key terms and translate them in each of the member countries national language. Geoscience is a wide and inter-disciplinary field; it was therefore essential to invite a number of experts from various fields of Geosciences for each country, to agree on universally accepted translation of English key terms. CIFEG has developed a search interface which now allows the AMTG to be searched online. This interface is available through CCOP's Website (www.ccop.or.th). Contents The printed version of the AMTG contains 5,867 terms expressed as descriptors or non-descriptors in 11 languages: English (the base reference), Khmer, Chinese, French, Indonesian, Japanese, Korean, Lao, Malaysian, Thai and Vietnamese. As in the MT sponsored by ICSTI and IUGS, the AMTG terms are classified into 36 groups or fields. 20 correspond to the major subdivisions of Geosciences, 11 concern the systematic parts of classification domains such as stratigraphy and fossil groups and 5 distinct fields describe concepts common to all subdivisions (properties, methods, etc.).
As previously said, the relationships among the indexing terms are based on the relationships established for the English (Am) language in the MT sponsored by IUGS/COGEOINFO. Broad term narrow term relationships are not expressed in the AMTG; however the Use and Use for relationships have been integrated in the main list of each language. For further explanation about the relationships established for the English language in the MT and the classification schemes of the systematic fields, please refer to the Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences, 2nd edition edited by J. Gravesteijn, C.
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Potenza and G.N. Rassam and sponsored by IUGS/ICSTI. Presentation The AMTG includes a main list of key terms in English (English language of IUGS Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences) as well as several languages of the East and Southeast Asian Region.
The main list shows the key terms in the English alphabetical order. Each entry is composed as follows: a key term in English (Am) preceded by a sequential number and the abbreviation of the field of application.
Introduction Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences - ix - 10 entries corresponding to the various translated languages versions of the printed AMTG are presented in alphabetical order of the English column. The nature of the term from a documentation point of view is indicated (Descriptor or Non-descriptor). As explained previously, whatever the Asian language this part is based on the English (Am) classification: - if the term is in regular print, it is a descriptor - if the designation is in italics, the term is not a descriptor and is followed by 'Use:' and one or several descriptors indicating (in regular print) the preferred term(s). If several descriptors are assigned, these are separated by a semicolon. the non-descriptors related to a descriptor are indicated by 'UF:' (Use For).
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